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The materials on this website available consist of personal study notes crafted by Saiyed Abdal, an UPSC aspirant. Abdal has received coaching from Vision IAS, Raus IAS, engaged in independent study, participated in Forum IAS Test Series, and attended CA classes. This website is established to support fellow UPSC aspirants in their preparation journey. In case of any potential copyright violations, we kindly request appropriate parties to contact us for prompt resolution. It is important to note that this website is an independent initiative by an UPSC aspirant and is not representative of official views or materials of any coaching institution. Your use of the provided information is at your own discretion and risk.
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