All Are from Handwritten Notes - Indian Agri from Lec 12 to Lec 16
Topics Included Are : Indian Agriculture, Green Revolution, White Revolution, Blue Revolution etc
Introduction to Indian Agriculture
- Agriculture is made up of Two Terms
- One is made up of Ager (Soil) and the other is Culture(cultivation)
- Hence Agriculture Means the Cultivation of Soil
- It is the art, science and business of producing crops and livestock for economic purpose
Allied Activities of Agri Are
- Live Stock
- Fisheries
- Poultry
- Animal Husbandry
- Dairy
- Horticulture
Importance of Agri in India
From Here Onwards from Notes
Features of Indian Agriculture
- 60% of Indian population is directly indirectly dependent on Indian Geography
- Since Independence, Either the Farmers Economy is Stagnant or Deteriorating
- For thos Farmers who are in boom, have diversification of businesses.
- The comparative growth of Indian Agriculture is much less than that of other sectors
- India is Importing Oil Seed and Pulses from Other Countries
Problems of Indian Agriculture
Cropping Seasons*
Rabi
What is the Season - Months
Example of Crops
Kharif
What is the Season - Months
Example of Crops
Zayd
What is the Season - Months
Example of Crops
Cropping Pattern**
Meta
- Factors to chose a Cropping Pattern
- Examples of things grown in a Cropping Pattern
- Govt Intervention in regulation of Cropping Pattern
Factors of Cropping Pattern (with Case Studies)
Geographical Factors
Spatial Factors - Space Based (Natural Factors )
Rainfall
Moisture Availability
Soil
Temperature
Terrain
Temporal Factors - Time Based (Technology Factors)
- Before Green Revolution
- Western Rajasthan (Semi Arid Area) - Need Less Water
- After Green Revolution
- Vyas & Sutlej in Harike Diverted to Wetsern Rajasthan by Indira Gandhi Canal
- Addition of Technology Brought
- Fertilisers
- Irrigation
Non Geographical Factors
Availability of Credit Facilities
Govt Policies - MSP
Socio Religious Factors
- Cultivation of Tobacco(Cash Crop)
- Not in Punjab
- Prominent in Andhra
- Milching of Cow
- Milk Not Found in Manipur
Demand in the Market
Mono Culture
Multiple Crops
Mixed Cropping
Double Cropping
Relay Cropping
Cropping Intensity
What is Cropping Intensity
- in a given agricultural year, how many times land has been brought under agriculture.
- Seasons in a Agricultural Year → Rabi, Kharif, Zayd
- Note
- Land is Taken in Hectares
- Largest Unit is taken in 10 Hectares
- Cropping Intensity is calculated by a Formula
Formula for Cropping Intensity
Formula
CI → Cropping Intensity
Gross Sown Area → Total Land Brought Under Agriculture
Net Sown Area → Total Land Available for Agriculture
Example
Farmer has : 10 Hectare of Land - Net Sown Area Available
Rabi Season : Farmer Cultivated 5 Hectare
CI - 50%
Kharif Season : Farmer Cultivated 10 Hectares
CI - 100%
Zayd Season : Farmer Cultivated 5 Hectares
CI - 50%
High Cropping Intensity
- Region
- Reasons
- Steps for Improvement
Low Cropping Intensity
- Region
- Reasons
- Steps for Improvement
Green Revolution - Plants
Achievements
Drawbacks
Second Green Revolution
Late President : Dr Kalam on Basis of Organic Fertilisers